Journal: Materials Today Bio
Article Title: Metformin glycyrrhetinic acid binary injectable hydrogel for synergistic tumor immunotherapy via spatiotemporal microenvironment remodeling
doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2025.102749
Figure Lengend Snippet: Systemic antitumor immune modulation and combined immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy mediated by Fe 3 O 4 NPs@Met-GA-H. ( A ) Schematic illustration of the experimental timeline for treating B16F10 tumor-bearing C57BL/6 mice. ( B ) Representative images of excised tumors from each treatment group (n = 5). ( C ) Tumor growth curves across different treatments (n = 5). ( D ) Tumor inhibition rates following various treatments (n = 5). ( E ). Proposed mechanism of Fe 3 O 4 NPs@Met-GA-H-induced immune activation and tumor suppression. ( F ) Spleens collected from each group (n = 5). ( G ) Spleen weights under different treatment conditions (n = 5). ( H, I ) Flow cytometry analysis of CD80 + CD86 + expression (H) and MHC-II (I) expression in splenic DCs (n = 5). ( J ) Flow cytometry assay of CD4 + and CD8 + expression (gated on CD3 + ) from splenocytes (n = 5). ( K ) Flow cytometry analysis of CD86 + CD206 − and CD86 − CD206 + macrophages (gated on F4/80 + ) in tumors (n = 5). ( L, M ) Quantitative analysis of CD80 + CD86 DCs (L) and MHC-II DCs (M) in spleens (n = 5). ( N, O ) Quantitative analysis of CD4 + (N) and CD8 + (O) T-cell populations in spleen (n = 5). ( P ) Ratio of CD86 + CD206 − to CD86 − CD206 + (gated on F4/80 + ) tumor-associated macrophages (n = 5). Data are presented as mean ± SD. Statistical significance was determined using Student's t-test for pairwise comparisons and one-way ANOVA for multiple groups. Ns: not significant ( P > 0.05); ∗ P < 0.05, ∗∗ P < 0.01, ∗∗∗ P < 0.001 versus the Ctrl group. # P < 0.05, ## P < 0.01, ### P < 0.001 versus the anti-PD-1 group.
Article Snippet: Anti-mouse PD-1 antibodies (Cat. No. S-5001) were obtained from MedChemExpress.
Techniques: Inhibition, Activation Assay, Flow Cytometry, Expressing